Table 2. Thermal analysis parameters of ERA payload

Parameters Description
Orbit Sun Summer and winter solstices
Albedo Extreme values depending upon the thermal response time of the hardware.
Earthshine Extreme values depending upon the thermal response time of the hardware.
Altitude From 270 to 460 km
Ascending node Regarding the:- Eclipse time- Incident flux reflected by ISS- Incident flux variations- ISS shading
ISS Attitude Roll, yaw, pitch = ±15°, ±15°, ±15°
Assembly stage From ERA installation to ISS final assembly stage with and without docked space vehicles
Configuration Orientation of the solar arrays and of the gyrodine radiators
Payload configuration Large payload location
Boundary T Radiators temperatures. These depend upon ISS operations and are therefore treated as boundary temperatures
Radiation case BOL or EOL properties of the outer surface thermo-optical properties
ERA Location on ISS Basepoint positions
Configuration Hibernation position or any reference position taken by ERA during an operation
S/S configuration For the basic end effector: rigidised / non rigidised
Radiation case BOL or EOL properties of the outer surface thermo-optical properties
Thermal response time Each unit has a different thermal response time
Operation ERA operation mode Hibernation – standby – peak modes
Mission Installation, maintenance and inspection missions defined by a sequence of reference tasks
Time lines Motor and electronics duty cycles total operating time
Internal power dissipation Maximum or minimum dissipation due to voltage variation and other uncertainties
Constraints Related to safety
ERA, European robotic arm; ISS, International Space Station; BOL, begin of life; EOL, end of life.