Table 1. U.S. Space Launch Management Cycle in 2010s

Dept.	Mission
	Before launch	Activate spacecraft	De-activate satellite
DOD	• Provide launch vehicle standard and launch range infrastructure• Manage the flight safe	• Maintain space catalog• Ensure safety arrival of the sat to the orbit• Sharing Space Situational Awareness info.	• Management of successful reentry/disposal/return process
FAA	• Licensing and regulation of commercial launch and reentry	• Promote operators to register space object and check with international treaty obligations	• Notice to air traffic control center to clear the path for objective return
FCC	• Licensing for non-federal spectrum use• GEO orbital slot assignments• ITU process	• Supervision of non-governmental spectrum use followed by 1967 OST• Maintain non-federal spectrum database	• Licensing for spectrum use for re-entry FCC-licensed satellite• Govern safety issues of the FCC-licensed spacecraft• Collects info on FCC-licensed disposal satellites
NASA	• Provide orbital debris mitigation requirements• Provide launch range infrastructure• Manage the flight safe	• Ensure safety arrival of the sat to the orbit• Space Exploration and Research	• Management of successful reentry/disposal process
NOAA	• Licensing US commercial remote sensing	• Provide space weather info.• Management of NOAA-licensed satellites	• Licensing and monitoring of NOAA-licensed satellites disposal plan
NTIA	• Licensing for federal spectrum use• Maintain federal spectrum use databases• Provide policy on allocation and regulation of federal spectrum uses	• Management of US government spectrum use and its database	-

Adopted from Hunter (2016) with CC-BY-NC-ND.
DOD, United States Department of Defense; FAA, Federal Aviation Administration; FCC, Federal Communications Commission; ITU, International Telecommunication Union; NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NTIA, National Telecommunications and Information Administration.